What is a transistor

A transistor has three poles: the three poles of a bipolar transistor are composed of N-type and P-type respectively: emitter, base and collector; The three poles of a field-effect transistor are source, gate and drain.

Because of the tripolarity of transistors, they are also used in three ways: grounded emitter (also known as common emitter amplifier/CE configuration), and grounded base (also known as common base amplifier /CB configuration) and ground collector (also known as common set amplifier/CC configuration/emitter coupler).Because of their high response and high precision, transistors can be used in a variety of digital and analog functions, including amplifiers, switches, regulators, signal modulation, and oscillators. Transistors can be packaged individually or in a very small area that holds part of a 100 million or more transistor integrated circuit.

Strictly speaking, transistor refers to all single components based on semiconductor materials, including diodes, transistors, field effect transistors, thyristors, etc., made of various semiconductor materials. Transistor mostly refers to the transistor.

Transistors fall into two broad categories: bipolar transistors (BJT) and field-effect transistors (FETs).

Discover related topics: The Differences Between NPN Transistors and PNP Transistors

bipolar junction transistors

“Bipolar” means that both electrons and holes are moving at the same time as they are working. Bipolar junction transistor, also known as semiconductor triode, is a device that combines two PN junctions by a certain process. PNP and NPN have two combined structures. External extraction of three poles: collector, emitter and base. BJT has an amplification function, which depends on whether its emitter current can be transmitted through the base region to the collector region.

In order to ensure this transportation process, on the one hand, internal conditions must be met. This means that the impurity concentration in the emission region should be much higher than the impurity concentration in the base region, and the thickness of the base region should be very small. On the other hand, external conditions should be satisfied. This means that the emitter junction should be positively biased (plus positive voltage) and the collector junction should be reverse-biased. There are many types of BJT, according to the frequency, there are high-frequency tubes and low-frequency tubes; According to the power points, there are small, medium and high power tubes; According to the semiconductor material, there are silicon and germanium tubes. The amplifier circuit consists of a common emitter, a common base and a common collector.

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